The role that charles houston played in the infamous road to brown

Back Before the Court The Aftermath Inthe rules of racial segregation governed the most minute details of social life in much of the United States — and the rules of segregation defied all logic. Linda Brown, a seven-year-old third grader in Topeka, Kansas, had to walk six blocks to catch the black school bus, when there was a school — a white school — seven blocks from her home. In the fall ofLinda Brown's father and 12 other Topeka families, handpicked by the The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP because there was no way they could be painted as dangerous radicals, tried to enroll their children in their neighborhood white schools. One after another, the black families were turned away.

In the Courts In the Courts Courtroom battles played a significant role in the civil rights movement. For many years, civil rights leaders waged hard-fought and carefully planned legal battles to overturn legal segregation and achieve equality under the law.

Justice John Marshall Harlan cast the sole dissenting vote in Plessy v. Wikimedia Commons As originally written, the U. Constitution did little to protect the rights of African Americans. Following the Civil War, however, three amendments were added to the Constitution.

The 13th Amendment abolished slavery. The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to everyone born in the United States. These amendments offered promises that African Americans would finally achieve equal treatment under the law.

These laws ordered strict racial segregation in all public areas, including hospitals, restaurants, hotels, trains and buses, playgrounds, and even cemeteries. They enlisted Homer Plessy, a light-skinned African American, to board a railroad train bound for Covington, Louisiana. Arrested and convicted for this act of defiance, he appealed to the U.

By an 8—1 vote in Plessy v. Writing for the majority, Justice Henry Brown held that this law had nothing to do with slavery and therefore it did not violate the 13th Amendment.

He also ruled that the14th Amendment was not intended to enforce the social equality of the races in America. He maintained that laws requiring the separation of the races implied no inferiority of either race. They were, he argued, merely passed to protect the common good, not to annoy or oppress anyone.

Brown stated that if black people regarded such laws as a badge of inferiority, that was merely their interpretation. He ruled that segregated facilities in public transportation and other areas of life, including education, were constitutionally permissible, as long such facilities were equal.

The sole dissenter, Justice John Harlan, blasted the decision. The destinies of the two races in this country are indissolubly linked together, and the interests of both require that the common government of all shall not permit the seeds of race hate to be planted under the sanction of law.

What can more certainly arouse race hate, what more certainly create and perpetuate a feeling of distrust between these races, than state enactments which, in fact, proceed on the ground that colored citizens are so inferior and degraded that they cannot be allowed to sit in public coaches occupied by white citizens.

Harlan stated that Jim Crow laws violated both the 13th and 14th amendments. Public schools and other facilities for African Americans were never equal and were usually extremely inferior.

The decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, however, gave segregation a solid legal foundation. No major challenge was mounted against it for many years. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACPthe leading civil rights organization, concentrated on other battles, such as campaigning against lynching and trying to ensure fair trials for criminal defendants.

They believed that winning legal battles for integration at this level would be easiest and would create the legal basis for a broader attack on racial segregation at all levels.

Many of these courageous lawyers risked their personal safety when they traveled through the South, often meeting hostility from police and other whites. Graduate School Desegregation Cases Their initial efforts brought significant legal success.

Ina federal appeals court ordered the University of Maryland to admit to its law school a black student it had rejected due to his race. The state had no separate facility for blacks. Two years later, the U. Supreme Court ordered the University of Missouri Law School to admit a black student it had excluded.

The state had no separate law school for blacks, but had offered to send the student to an out-of-state school for blacks. The Second World War put a momentary stop on the graduate school cases. But following the war came its two most significant victories.

The first involved a black law student, Herman Sweatt, who was denied admission to the University of Texas Law School because of his race. It consisted of three small basement rooms in an office building not far from both the state capitol and the whites-only law school of the University of Texas.

After five years of litigation, Sweatt attained his legal victory. In in Sweatt v. Supreme Court unanimously ordered his admission to the University of Texas.Through his work at the NAACP, Houston played a role in nearly every civil rights case before the Supreme Court between and Brown v.

Board of Education (). Houston's plan to attack and defeat Jim Crow segregation by demonstrating the inequality in the "separate but equal" doctrine from the Supreme Court's Plessy benjaminpohle.com Of Birth: Washington, District of Columbia, District Of Columbia, USA. The road to a just society, the road Charles Houston took us so far along, did not end with Brown.

It is a road present and future generations of Americans must continue to travel.

View phone numbers, addresses, public records, background check reports and possible arrest records for Charles Brown in Houston, TX. Whitepages people search is the most trusted directory.

Beyond Brown : Pursuing the Promise . Long Road to Brown . Full History | PBS

Sign up to gain access to mobile numbers, public records, and more. John Brown was born May 9, , in Torrington, benjaminpohle.com was the fourth of the eight children of Owen Brown (–) and Ruth Mills (–) and grandson of Capt. John Brown (–). Brown could trace his ancestry back to 17th-century English benjaminpohle.com of death: Execution by hanging.

The road to Brown. [William A Elwood; Mykola Kulish; Larry Adelman; Gary Weimberg; Larry Daressa; Steven A Jones; California Newsreel (Firm); University of Virginia.;] -- Presents the role of Charles Hamilton Houston in the cases which led to the landmark Supreme Court case of .

He’s played infamous filmmakers (Alfred Hitchcock), writers (Charles Dickens and C.S. Lewis), and artists (Pablo Picasso).